Peel back the layers of oral health in this revealing article that takes a closer look at gum disease and its broader impact.
In this blog, we take a look at a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of oral health—gum disease. Beyond being a leading cause of tooth loss, gum disease has far-reaching implications, extending its influence to systemic disorders like heart disease. In this article, we’ll explore the ins and outs of gum disease, its causes, symptoms, and the intriguing links it shares with tooth decay and heart health.
What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease, or periodontal disease, stands as the primary cause of tooth loss in adults, affecting one in two individuals. Often recognised only in advanced stages, it poses a significant threat to oral health. However, its impact extends beyond the mouth, contributing to systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and more.
Causes and Symptoms of Gum Disease
Nearly half of adults over 30, and 70% of those aged 65 and older, are affected by periodontal disease. Characterised by the breakdown of gums and underlying bone, it can result in loose or lost teeth. Symptoms may include red, swollen, or bleeding gums, receding gums, and changes in tooth appearance. Recognising these signs is crucial for timely intervention.
Link Between Gum Disease and Tooth Decay
Gum disease, while notorious for tooth loss, is also intricately linked with tooth decay. Harmful bacteria, a common thread in this connection, travel between the mouth, bloodstream, and lungs, potentially causing diseases in these areas. Additionally, chronic inflammation, a consequence of gum disease, can contribute to the progression of decay and other systemic conditions.
Link Between Gum Disease and Heart Disease
The association between gum disease and heart disease is a noteworthy revelation. Individuals with periodontal disease are twice as likely to have cardiovascular issues, the leading cause of death in many countries, including in Australia.
Oral bacteria found in arterial plaque can constrict blood flow, while the inflammatory response triggered by gum disease can damage blood vessels, potentially leading to heart attacks and strokes. Proper management of gum disease has even shown to lower blood pressure.
Other Systemic Diseases Associated with Gum Disease
Diabetes: A two-way relationship exists between gum disease and diabetes. Poorly controlled diabetes increases susceptibility to gum disease, while periodontal disease worsens diabetes management. Blood sugar levels play a crucial role, with higher glucose levels feeding oral bacteria and complicating diabetes control.
Cardiovascular Disease: Gum disease exacerbates existing heart conditions and heightens the risk of strokes. Oral bacteria found in arterial plaque can impede blood flow, and the inflammatory response can lead to blood clots, contributing to heart attacks and strokes.
Respiratory Diseases: Harmful bacteria from gum disease can be inhaled into the lungs, contributing to bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia. Chronic inflammation from periodontal disease may exacerbate these conditions, impacting respiratory health.
Rheumatic Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-related inflammatory diseases show a higher incidence of gum disease. The relationship appears bidirectional, with periodontitis contributing to the progression of these conditions.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Periodontal disease is identified as a “probable risk factor” for Alzheimer’s disease. Studies show a 70% higher likelihood of dementia in individuals with gum disease lasting a decade or more.
What You Can Do
Maintaining good oral health is pivotal in preventing and managing gum disease. Here are actionable steps you can take:
- Adopt a consistent dental hygiene routine, including brushing and flossing.
- Recognise early signs of gum disease, such as swollen or bleeding gums, and seek professional dental care.
- Follow an anti-inflammatory diet rich in whole grains, Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and D, antioxidants, and fibre.
- Manage your weight, as excess weight contributes to multiple health problems, including diabetes.
- Stay physically and mentally active, incorporating regular exercise and engaging in activities that promote mental well-being.
- Quit smoking, a significant risk factor for gum disease and various other health issues.
- Last but certainly not least, attend regular dental check-ups and cleanings, informing your dental team of any health changes.
While research continues to uncover the intricacies of the link between gum disease and systemic conditions, prioritising oral health remains a crucial component of overall well-being.
For personalised advice and effective oral care strategies, consult with the dental experts at Molonglo Dental Surgery. To book an appointment with our Friendly Dentist in Molonglo Valley, Canberra. Contact Molonglo Dental Surgery at 02 6287 1222.
